Learn JS #6

Posted on by Apostube

JavaScript Arithmetic

JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform arithmetic on numbers (literals or variables).

Operator Description
+ Addition
– Subtraction
* Multiplication
** Exponentiation
/ Division
% Modulus (Remainder)
++ Increment
— Decrement

Arithmetic Operations

A typical arithmetic operation operates on two numbers.

The two numbers can be literals:

Example

let x = 100 + 50;

or variables:

Example

let x = a + b;

or expressions:

Example

let x = (100 + 50) * a;

Operators and Operands

The numbers (in an arithmetic operation) are called operands.

The operation (to be performed between the two operands) is defined by an operator.

Operand Operator Operand
100 + 50

Adding

The addition operator (+) adds numbers:

Example

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x + y;

Subtracting

The subtraction operator (-) subtracts numbers.

Example

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x - y;

Multiplying

The multiplication operator (*) multiplies numbers.

Example

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x * y;

Dividing

The division operator (/) divides numbers.

Example

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x / y;

Remainder

The modulus operator (%) returns the division remainder.

Example

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x % y;

In arithmetic, the division of two integers produces a quotient and a remainder.

In mathematics, the result of a modulo operation is the remainder of an arithmetic division.

Incrementing

The increment operator (++) increments numbers.

Example

let x = 5;
x++;
let z = x;

Decrementing

The decrement operator (--) decrements numbers.

Example

let x = 5;
x--;
let z = x;

Exponentiation

The exponentiation operator (**) raises the first operand to the power of the second operand.

Example

let x = 5;
let z =x ** 2;          // result is 25




x ** y produces the same result as Math.pow(x,y):




Example


let x = 5;
let z =Math.pow(x,2);   // result is 25














Operator Precedence


Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed in an arithmetic expression.




Example


let x = 100 + 50 * 3;










Is the result of example above the same as 150 * 3, or is it the same as 100 + 150?


Is the addition or the multiplication done first?


As in traditional school mathematics, the multiplication is done first.


Multiplication (*) and division (/) have higher precedence than addition (+) and subtraction (-).


And (as in school mathematics) the precedence can be changed by using parentheses:




Example


let x = (100 + 50) * 3;










When using parentheses, the operations inside the parentheses are computed first.


When many operations have the same precedence (like addition and subtraction), they are computed from left to right:




Example


let x = 100 + 50 - 3;














JavaScript Operator Precedence Values




Pale red entries indicates ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) or higher.








Value
Operator
Description
Example




21
( )
Expression grouping
(3 + 4)












20
.
Member
person.name




20
[]
Member
person[“name”]




20
()
Function call
myFunction()




20
new
Create
new Date()












18
++
Postfix Increment
i++




18
—
Postfix Decrement
i–












17
++
Prefix Increment
++i




17
—
Prefix Decrement
–i




17
!
Logical not
!(x==y)




17
typeof
Type
typeof x












16
**
Exponentiation (ES2016)
10 ** 2












15
*
Multiplication
10 * 5




15
/
Division
10 / 5




15
%
Division Remainder
10 % 5












14
+
Addition
10 + 5




14
–
Subtraction
10 – 5












13
<<
Shift left
x << 2




13
>>
Shift right
x >> 2




13
>>>
Shift right (unsigned)
x >>> 2












12
<
Less than
x < y




12
<=
Less than or equal
x <= y




12
>
Greater than
x > y




12
>=
Greater than or equal
x >= y




12
in
Property in Object
“PI” in Math




12
instanceof
Instance of Object
instanceof Array












11
==
Equal
x == y




11
===
Strict equal
x === y




11
!=
Unequal
x != y




11
!==
Strict unequal
x !== y












10
&
Bitwise AND
x & y




9
^
Bitwise XOR
x ^ y




8
|
Bitwise OR
x | y




7
&&
Logical AND
x && y




6
||
Logical OR
x || y




5
??
Nullish Coalescing
x ?? y




4
? :
Condition
? “Yes” : “No”












3
+=
Assignment
x += y




3
/=
Assignment
x /= y




3
-=
Assignment
x -= y




3
*=
Assignment
x *= y




3
%=
Assignment
x %= y




3
<<=
Assignment
x <<= y




3
>>=
Assignment
x >>= y




3
>>>=
Assignment
x >>>= y




3
&=
Assignment
x &= y




3
^=
Assignment
x ^= y




3
|=
Assignment
x |= y












2
yield
Pause Function
yield x




1
,
Comma
5 , 6






Note: Expressions in parentheses are fully computed before the value is used in the rest of the expression.



            

                            
                    
                                        
        


            

                
            

            

                

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